Python has a straightforward interface to call C and C++ functions so that you can also mix it with C/C++ to speed up processing. For example a digital filter class might have the design parts written in python and the actual fast filter routines implemented in C. All this is supported by the python package management so that you can also deploy mixed python / C code without any problems. For example the AI library by google “tensorflow” can be installed as a python package and in the background it uses the GPUs on your computer without even noticing.
Here, I just comment on certain aspects of Python which are important for DSP. Check out the full documentation of python if you are interested beyond DSP in it. In particular it has also very easy to use support for GUI programming.